##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

In the wake of corrupt activities by some leaders in Africa and the world at large, their extravagant assets in foreign lands and fattened offshore accounts after their prosecution has become the focus of recent discussions. The success of the modern legal framework has made it possible for corrupt leaders to be arrested and prosecuted.

This has resulted in assets of such leaders being seized and accounts being frozen by legitimate court orders. This paper highlights the legal procedures that govern the return of assets and wealth acquired through corrupt means on both the international and domestic fronts. Not doing away with the challenges and hindrances to this honourable act of returning the wealth of mostly developing nations to them, the paper makes use of relevant case studies as it addresses the hurdles to this effect in modern contexts.

It however concludes that this phenomenon should not be an issue for only developing countries but should also be of keen interest to developed nations as well. The pursuit of globally sustained development is not a race for some but for all. With all major stakeholders playing their part, the embezzled funds which has deprived the victimized states of substantive development shall be returned.

References

  1. African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (2003). Available from : https://au.int/en/treaties/african-union-convention-preventing-and-combating-corruption.
     Google Scholar
  2. Anti-Corruption Act of Nigeria (2000).
     Google Scholar
  3. Articles on Confiscation and Seizure of assets. Article 6 China – Tunisia BIT. Article 4 China – Kenya BIT. (YEAR).
     Google Scholar
  4. Baker et al. (2005). ‘Urban Poverty and Transport: The Case of Mumbai’ Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3693. World Bank, Washington, DC. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/8602 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. Accessed 14th Jan 2021.
     Google Scholar
  5. BBC News (2000). Abacha Family Stole $4bn. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/635720.stm. Accessed on 3rd Feb 2021.
     Google Scholar
  6. Comparative analysis of anti-corruption laws of Ghana compared with the UNCAC and the AUC (2009). http://legal.un.org/avl/documents/scans/GhanaAnti-CorruptionManual.pdf?teil=II&j Retrieved on 18th June 2021.
     Google Scholar
  7. Economic and Organised Crime Act (2010). https://www.mint.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/EOCO-Act-804.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  8. EFCC Act (2004). Available from : http://www.vertic.org/media/National%20Legislation/Nigeria/NG_Economic_Crimes_Commission_Act_2004.pdf.Exposed: The Africans named in the HSBC Swiss Leaks. By Samantha Spooner. 13 Feb 2015. https://mg.co.za/article/2015-02-13-exposed-the-africans-named-in-the-hsbc-swiss-leaks/. Accessed 22th March 2021.
     Google Scholar
  9. Kidane, W. (2016) China’s Bilateral Investment Treaties with African States in Comparative Context. https://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Kidane-final.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  10. Mandela N. Nelson Mandela: the struggle is my life: his speeches and writings brought together with historical documents and accounts of Mandela in prison by fellow-prisoners. Popular Prakashan; 1990.
     Google Scholar
  11. Money Laundering (Prohibition) Act (2004). Available from : https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/money_laundering_act_2004.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  12. Munyae, M & Gwen, L. (1998). Interrogating our past: Colonialism and Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Political Science, 3(2), 15-28.
     Google Scholar
  13. Mutual Legal Assistance Bill (2010). Available from : http://elibrary.jsg.gov.gh/fg/laws%20of%20ghana/2%20REP/MUTUAL%20LEGAL%20ASSISTANCE%20ACT,%202010%20ACT%20807.htm#:~:text=AN%20ACT%20to%20enable%20the,to%20provide%20for%20related%20matters.&text=(b)%20a%20foreign%20entity.
     Google Scholar
  14. Opedayo, O. (2010). Civil Recovery of Corruptly-Acquired Assets: A Legal Roadmap For Nigeria. The Faculty of Law, University of The Western Cape, South Africa. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/58913805.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  15. Rwekaza, M, Fox, L & Liebenthal, R. (2006). The Political Economy of Pro-Poor Policies in Africa: Lessons from Shanghai Conference Case Studies in Attacking Africa’s poverty. Experiences from the ground/ edited by Louise Fox, Robert Liebentahl, World Bank.
     Google Scholar
  16. Smillie, D (2009) The World Bank. Political Connections and Tariff Evasion: Evidence from Tunisia. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/publication/political-connections-and-tariff-evasion-evidence-from-tunisia Accessed 14th Jan 2021.
     Google Scholar
  17. StAR (2017). StAR Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - Asset Recovery Watch Home Last updated on: 07/20/2017 Diepreye Alamieyeseigha (United Kingdom). https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/printpdf/18493.
     Google Scholar
  18. StAR (2017). StAR Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - Asset Recovery Watch Home Last updated on: 07/20/2017 Diepreye Alamieyeseigha (United Kingdom). https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/printpdf/18493.
     Google Scholar
  19. StAR (2018) StAR Asset Recovery Watch case study, “Diepreye Alamieyeseigha”, available from http://star.worldbank.
     Google Scholar
  20. org/corruption-cases/assetrecovery/Diepreye%20Alamieyeseigha. Accessed 12th July 2021.
     Google Scholar
  21. StAR (2019). StAR Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative - Asset Recovery Watch Home Last updated on: 03/15/2019 Samuel Gichuru and Chris Okemu (Jersey) https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/printpdf/18426.
     Google Scholar
  22. Stephenson, K. M., Gray, L., Power, R., Brun, J.-P., Dunker, G., Panjer, M. (2011). Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action. World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2320 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
     Google Scholar
  23. The 10 Most Corrupt World Leaders of Recent History. By Jeremy Sandbrook on 20 July 2016. https://integritas360.com/10-most-corrupt-world-leaders/ Accessed 18th Jan 2021.
     Google Scholar
  24. The Code of Conduct of the Nigerian constitution (1999). Available from : nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm
     Google Scholar
  25. United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003). https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/ Accessed 20th April 2021.
     Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)