##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

In a democratic nation like Zambia, Civic engagement is expected to improve the well-being of the people in the community. Given the expected outcome of Civic engagement, this study explores the fragility of existing platforms of civic engagement in national governance of Zambia towards community development. The study rids on a case study design to generate evidence on the weaknesses of existing platforms of civic engagement in national governance of Zambia towards community development. Data was generated from a total sample of 23 participants. Key among the findings show that civic engagement platforms are politically inclined and manipulated. Equally, there are inadequate feedback mechanisms. Further, actors are perceived to depend on donor funding for their functionality. The study also established information deficiency about existing platforms of civic engagement among citizens as well as lack of fully fragged budget allocation to support civic engagement and associated with dynamics of government policies. Therefore, this study concludes that the existing platforms of civic engagement are unattractive and as such, they have caused the creation of a dominance version of democracy by the elected civic leaders. Thus, among others, it is recommended that there is need for the Ministry of Justice to reform the laws that impede active civic engagement in national governance of Zambia as active civic engagement may cultivate positive change in the community.

References

  1. Blitz, M. (2010). Plato’s political philosophy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
     Google Scholar
  2. Constitution Review Commission (1995). Report of the Mwanakatwe constitution review commission. Lusaka: Government Printers. June 1995.
     Google Scholar
  3. Constitution Review Commission, (1991), Report of the Mvunga Constitution Commission. Lusaka: Government Printers. April 1991.
     Google Scholar
  4. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach (4th Edition). London: SAGE publications, INC.
     Google Scholar
  5. Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In J. Bellanca and R. Brandt (Eds.), 21st Century Skills (pp. 51–76). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
     Google Scholar
  6. Ginsburg T, Huq A.Z. (2018). How to save a constitutional democracy. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.
     Google Scholar
  7. Habasonda, L. (2010). State-civil society relations in Zambia: an assessment of conflict dynamics, contestations and cooperation in the political space’, in Mutesa, F (ed) State -Civil Society and Donor Relations in Zambia, UNZA Press, Lusaka, Zambia.
     Google Scholar
  8. Hurbbard C.S, Meltzer M.I and Brunkard J.M. (2020). Households’ illness and associated water and sanitation factors in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia, 2016–2017.
     Google Scholar
  9. Kasonde-Ng’andu, S. (2013). Writing a Research Proposal in Educational Research. Lusaka: University of Zambia Press.
     Google Scholar
  10. Kaumba, C. (2015). An examination of students’ perception of public participation in national governance: case of university of Zambia [MEd dissertation, University of Zambia].
     Google Scholar
  11. Levinson, M. (2012). No citizen left behind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     Google Scholar
  12. Levitsky S, Ziblatt D. (2018). How democracies die. New York: Crown.
     Google Scholar
  13. Magagula, D.N, Mukoza, R.M, Manyaka, K.R and Moeti K.B (2019). Towards strengthening collaboration between district and local Municipalities in South Africa: Insights from Ehlanzeni District Municipality. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 15, (1), a799.
     Google Scholar
  14. Maingaila, O. (2021). The role of political parties in enhancing democratic governance in Zambia. [Med dissertation. University of Zambia].
     Google Scholar
  15. Mainwaring, S and Bizzarro, F. (2019). “The fates of third-wave democracies.” Journal of Democracy 30(1), 99–113.
     Google Scholar
  16. Matenga, C.R. (2010). “Civil society participation in national policy processes.” In F. Mutesa (2010): State-Civil Society and Donor Relations in Zambia. Lusaka: UNZA Press.
     Google Scholar
  17. Matole, A. (2021). Exploring civic engagement in the democratic dispensation among teachers of civic education in selected secondary schools in Mumbwa district, Zambia. Med dissertation. University of Zambia.
     Google Scholar
  18. Moonga H.M and Phiri R.M (2010). The status of civil society in Zambia: challenges and future prospects. Lusaka: Council for social development, CVICUS.
     Google Scholar
  19. Moses, A. (2015). Constitutionalism and democracy: a critical perspective. Abraka, Delta State University.
     Google Scholar
  20. Mukwesa R and Sumaili F. (2016). Zambia at fifty years. What went right, what went wrong and wither to? A treatise of the country’s socio-economic and political developments since independence. Johannesburg: Partridge.
     Google Scholar
  21. Muleya, G. (2015). The teaching of Civic Education in Zambia: An Examination of trends in the teaching of Civic Education in Schools. PhD Thesis. UNISA.
     Google Scholar
  22. Muleya, G., Simui, F., Mundeende,K., Kakana, F., Mwewa, G. & Namangala, B. (2019). Exploring learning cultures of digital immigrants in technologically mediated postgraduate distance learning mode at the University of Zambia. Zambia Information and Communication Technology Journal, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v3i2.83.
     Google Scholar
  23. Mumba, M. H. (2010). “Civil society activism in Zambia: a historical perspective”, in: F. Mutesa (ed.) State-Civil Society and Donor Relations in Zambia. Lusaka: University of Zambia Press.
     Google Scholar
  24. Mupeta, S., Muleya, G., Kanyamuna, V., & Simui, F. (2020). Civic entrepreneurship: the implementation of civic innovations in the governance of the university of Zambia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(7) 674–685.
     Google Scholar
  25. Mwanangombe, C. Mundende, K. Muzata, K.K. Muleya, G. Kanyamuna, V & Simui, F. (2020). Peeping into the pot of contraceptives utilization among adolescents within a conservative culture Zambia. American Journal of Educational Research, 8,(8), 513–523 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/8/8/1 Published by Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/education-8-8-1.
     Google Scholar
  26. Ndulo M B. (2020). Bill 10 if enacted, will install a constitutional dictatorship, and undermine democracy in Zambia. Southern Africa Journal of policy and development, 5(7), 31–43.
     Google Scholar
  27. Ndulo, M. (2014). Approaches to developing a new constitution for Zambia. London: Cornell University and Chaloka Beyani.
     Google Scholar
  28. Norris, P., ed. (2015). Understanding critical citizenship and other forms of public dissatisfactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     Google Scholar
  29. Nwokeke, O.P. (2019). Democratic consolidation in Ghana and Nigeria: understanding the role of the political elites. [PhD Thesis. University of Canterbury].
     Google Scholar
  30. Phiri, B.J. (2006). A political history of zambia: from colonial rule to the third republic, 1890-2001. Trenton, NJ: African World Press.
     Google Scholar
  31. Sakala, X, (2016). The responsiveness of civic education teacher training curriculum towards democratic citizenship in Zambia. [Med dissertation. University of Zambia].
     Google Scholar
  32. Sardanis, A. (2014). Zambia: The First 50 Years. London, IB Taurus..l.
     Google Scholar
  33. Simwatachela, R. Simui, F., Kakana,F., Manchishi, P.C., (2020). Deconstructing quality education in public secondary schools through the lenses of teachers in Lusaka district, Zambia. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 5(3), 103–112. http://www.academicjournal.in/archives/2020/vol5/issue3/5-3-18.
     Google Scholar