##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant effects on China’s foreign aid practice. In response to the pandemic, China seeks to diversify their foreign aid approach by including vaccines into their foreign aid package. China also seeks to improve their national image among other countries, which has been tarnished by the COVID-19 pandemic. The addition of vaccines and medical equipment to China’s foreign aid repertoire and the changes present in the third foreign aid white paper may indicate possible shifts in China’s foreign aid characteristics. This may present a significant departure from previous practices of China’s foreign aid that focused on building economic capacity of recipient states and being more ‘business-oriented’ than their western counterpart. Thus, this study aims to explain through qualitative means the shifting characteristics that occur within China’s aid in response to the present global challenges caused by COVID-19.

References

  1. Becky Carter (2017). Helpdesk Report: A literature review on China’s aid. Sussex, United Kingdom: Institute of Development Studies, pp. 1–15, 3.
     Google Scholar
  2. Blanchard, Ben, and Lun Tian Yew (2021). China and Nicaragua re-establish ties in blow to U.S. and Taiwan. Reuters. Thomson Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-nicaragua-hold-talks-city-tianjin-following-taiwan-break-2021-12-10/.
     Google Scholar
  3. Bridge Consulting (2022). Tracking China’s covid-19 vaccine distribution. Bridge Consulting COVID-19 Vaccines Tracker. https://bridgebeijing.com/our-publications/our-publications-1/china-covid-19-vaccines-tracker/#China8217s_Vaccines_in_Latin_America.
     Google Scholar
  4. Budi Sutrisno (2020). China flies more medical supplies to Indonesia. The Jakarta Post.
     Google Scholar
  5. Carter, Becky. Rep (2017). Helpdesk Report: A Literature Review on China’s Aid. Sussex, United Kingdom: Institute of Development Studies.
     Google Scholar
  6. China International Development Agency (2021). 国家国际发展合作署2021 年部门预算 [2021 Sectoral Budget of the National International Development Cooperation Agency].
     Google Scholar
  7. CIDCA (January 10, 2021). “《新时代的中国国际发展合作》白皮书 [China’s International Development Cooperation in the New Era].” China International Development Cooperation Agency. http://www.cidca.gov.cn/2021-01/10/c_1210973082.htm.
     Google Scholar
  8. CIDCA (2021). 大疫情背景下的中国对外援助和国际发展合作 [China’s foreign aid and international development cooperation in the context of the pandemic]
     Google Scholar
  9. Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
     Google Scholar
  10. Copper, John Franklin (2016). China’s foreign aid and investment diplomacy. New York City, New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
     Google Scholar
  11. De Bengy Puyvallée, Antoine, and Katerini Tagmatarchi Storeng (2022). COVAX, vaccine donations and the politics of global vaccine inequity. Globalization and Health 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00801-z.
     Google Scholar
  12. Editor (2022). 6185.HK. cansino biologics inc. annual income statement-WSJ. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/HK/6185/financials/annual/income-statement.
     Google Scholar
  13. Editor (2020). Angola: Covid-19-Angola receives two tons of medical supplies from China. All Africa. https://allafrica.com/stories/202004200175.html.
     Google Scholar
  14. Editor (2014). China’s Foreign Aid 2014 -- 英语. China’s Foreign Aid 2014 -- 英语. pp. 1-14.
     Google Scholar
  15. Editor (2020). Covid-19: Chinese experts depart for Zimbabwe. Anadolu Ajansı. Anadolu Ajansı.. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/covid-19-chinese-experts-depart-for-zimbabwe/1836801.
     Google Scholar
  16. Editor (2021). Sinovac reports unaudited first half of 2021 financial results. Business Wire. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211230005289/en/SINOVAC-Reports-Unaudited-First-Half-of-2021-Financial-Results.
     Google Scholar
  17. Editor (2020). SVA | Sinovac Biotech Ltd. Annual Income Statement–WSJ. The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company. https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/SVA/financials/annual/income-statement.
     Google Scholar
  18. Editor (2021). Walvax Biotechnology Co. Ltd Annual Income Statement-WSJ.” The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CN/300142/financials/annual/income-statement.
     Google Scholar
  19. Einhorn, Bruce, Dong Lyu, and Misha Savic (2021). China is leveraging its vaccine diplomacy beyond covid shots. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/made-in-china-covid-vaccines-go-global-so-do-its-shots-for-pneumonia-hepatitis.
     Google Scholar
  20. Fortune (2021). Sinopharm: 2021 Global 500. Fortune. Fortune. https://fortune.com/company/sinopharm/global500/.
     Google Scholar
  21. Global Times (2021). Update: Chinese vaccines donated to 53 developing countries, exported to 27 nations. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202103/1216920.shtml.
     Google Scholar
  22. Lancaster, Carol (2008). Foreign aid: diplomacy, development, domestic politics. Chicago, Illinois: Univ. of Chicago Press.
     Google Scholar
  23. Lynch, Leah, Sharon Andersen, and Tianyi Zhu (2020). China’s foreign aid: a primer for recipient countries, donors, and aid providers. Center for Global Development, 1–16.
     Google Scholar
  24. Huaxia (2020). China donates medical equipment to Zimbabwe’s largest hospital. Xinhua. http://www.news.cn/english/2020-12/16/c_139594412.htm.
     Google Scholar
  25. Malmierca (2021). Rodrigo. China sends new donation of medical supplies to Cuba. News | teleSUR English. teleSUR. https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/China-Sends-New-Donation-of-Medical-Supplies-to-Cuba-20210914-0016.html.
     Google Scholar
  26. Mulakaka, Anthea, Robin Bush, and Hongbo Ji (2021). China’s NGO partnerships in a new era of development cooperation. China and International Development: Knowledge, Governance, and Practice 52(2), 69–85.
     Google Scholar
  27. OECD (Accessed May 13, 2022). Official Development Assistance (ODA). OECD. https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/official-development-assistance.htm.
     Google Scholar
  28. Reuters (May 12, 2021). Honduran president, in diplomatic shift, says he may open China office. Reuters. Thomson Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/honduran-president-diplomatic-shift-says-he-may-open-china-office-2021-05-12/.
     Google Scholar
  29. Shieh, Shawn, and Siegne Knutson. Rep (2022). Special report: the roles and challenges of international NGOs in China’s development. China Development Brief. https://chinadevelopmentbrief.org/publications/special-report-the-roles-and-challenges-of-international-ngos-in-chinas-development/.
     Google Scholar
  30. Silver, Laura, Kat Devlin, and Christine Huang (2021.). Unfavorable views of China reach historic highs in many countries. Pew research center's global attitudes project. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/.
     Google Scholar
  31. Sutrisno, Budi (2020). China flies more medical supplies to Indonesia. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/03/24/china-flies-more-medical-supplies-to-indonesia.html.
     Google Scholar
  32. Taiwan Huanqiu (2021). Exclusive: There is a serious shortage of vaccines on the island, but the DPP authorities want to transfer 300,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to ‘AIA. 独家:岛内疫苗严重紧缺,民进党当局却欲将30万剂阿斯利康疫苗转赠"友邦". Taiwan Huanqiu. https://taiwan.huanqiu.com/article/43Pt9GT1ATo.
     Google Scholar
  33. Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2016). New Southbound Policy Portal - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). New Southbound Policy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppe/.
     Google Scholar
  34. Trading Economics (2022). China exports of pharmaceutical products February 2022 data-1996–2021 historical. China Exports of Pharmaceutical Products-February 2022 Data-1996-2021 Historical. Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports-of-pharmaceutical-products.
     Google Scholar
  35. The State Council Information Office, and The State Council of People's Republic of China (2021), 新时代的中国国际发展 [China’s International Development in a New Era].
     Google Scholar