Etiological Exploration of Gender-Based Violence against Male Survivors in Chongwe District, Zambia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Gender-based violence has for a long time been considered as a women’s issue. For over three decades now, the 16 days of activism against Gender based violence which is commemorated worldwide has been on ending violence against women and girls. Recent studies, however, reveal that men too are victims of Gender based violence and they have continued to suffer in silence. Studies have further revealed that men usually do not report cases of Gender based violence which makes the statistics to be very low and attract little or no attention from stakeholders. GBV against men is largely overlooked and trivialized. It is not an issue that is talked about, yet men continue to suffer from multiple forms of GBV which are physical, sexual, psychological and emotional abuses. These forms of GBV have long lasting effects on male survivors yet very little attention has been directed towards establishing the causes of these abuses against men. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the causes of Gender based violence against male survivors in Chongwe District. The study used a Phenomenological approach with a sample of 9 male survivors. Data was generated through individual interviews, observations, and focused group discussions. The study findings revealed the following causes: Failing to provide for the family, alcohol abuse, infidelity, and desire for women to dominate. It is therefore, recommended that stakeholders mandated to deal with issues of Gender based Violence adequately respond to male violence and abuse as opposed to trivializing their reports.
References
-
Agbulos, M.V. (2017). Heterosexual male victims of intimate partner violence: Examing factors that prevent them from reporting their cases [Master’s dissertation, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences Pace University NYC]. http://www.academia.edu/36609801/Heterosexual Male Victims Partner Violence Examing Factors that Prevent Them from Reporting Their Cases.
Google Scholar
1
-
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
2
-
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
3
-
Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.).
Google Scholar
4
-
Coomarswamy, C. (2014). Constellations of violence: feminist interventions in South Asia. New Delhi: Sage.
Google Scholar
5
-
Durham,S. (2020). Hidden suffering: gender-based violence against boys and men. The South African College of Applied Psychology.
Google Scholar
6
-
Esaaba, E.M. (2019). Domestic violence in Ghana: The attitudes of male victims of Accra. Department of social work, University of Ghana. African Journal of Social Work, 9(1), 2019.
Google Scholar
7
-
GRZ (2011). Anti- Gender based violence Act of 2011. Zambia Government Printing Office.
Google Scholar
8
-
Guba, E.G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29, 75–91.
Google Scholar
9
-
Hamoonga. R. (2022). GBV 3rd Quarter Statistics. Retrieved on 13/1/23. http://www.zp.gov.zm.
Google Scholar
10
-
Jenkins, A. (1990). Invitations to responsibility: the therapeutic engagement of men who are violent and abusive. Dulwich Centre, Adelaide,SA.
Google Scholar
11
-
Johnson, A, G. (2000). The blackwell dictionary of sociology: a user’s guide to sociological language., Blackwell Publ. Inc., Oxford.
Google Scholar
12
-
Karimi, E., Ondicho, G, T & Muriithi, A. (2021). Correlates of domestic violence against men: qualitative insights from Kenya. journals.co.za/doi/full/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a5.
Google Scholar
13
-
Katongo E.M. (2017) GBV 3rd Quarters Statistics. Retrieved on 25/01/2022 at http:// www.zambiapolice.gov.zm.
Google Scholar
14
-
Kwabena, A.B. (2020). Domestic violence against men in Ghana. Perceptions and the role of the domestic violence and victim support unit. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
Google Scholar
15
-
Lisulo, M. (2019). Attitudes of young people towards female perpetrated Gender based Violence against men in Zambia. [University of Zambia: Unpublished PhD Thesis].
Google Scholar
16
-
Medzani, M. J. (2019). Intimate partner abuse and male identity: Experiences and perspectives of abused men in Zimbabwe. University of Pretoria.
Google Scholar
17
-
Mokebo. Z. J. (2018). Gender based domestic violence against African men: A case of the Gusii of Kenya. International Journal of Humanities & social Science studies. doi:10.29032/ijhsss.v4.i6.2018.21-29.
Google Scholar
18
-
Mongare, J.K., Obonyo, D.J., & Parsitau, D.D (2018). Impact of gender-based violence towards men in Kenya: the case of men in Kiambaa Sub Country, Kiambu. International Journal of Current Aspects in Public Policy Administration and Development, 2(1), 18–25. http://www.ijcab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/impact-of-Gender-Based-Violence-towards-Men-in-Kenya-The-Case-of-Men-in-Kiambaa-Sub-Country-Kiambu.pdf.
Google Scholar
19
-
Mpampi, H. (2020). Ending Gender-based Violence: An investigation into the role of men and boys in ending Gender-based Violence in selected townships of Lusaka: Cavendish University, Lusaka, Zambia.
Google Scholar
20
-
Mukulu.E. (2019). Perceptions of men experiencing Gender based Violence in Oshana Region, Namibia. University of Namibia.
Google Scholar
21
-
Mukwevho, N. (2021). More men seeking help for GBV. Health-e News.4th October 2021.
Google Scholar
22
-
Mulenga,S. (2020). The social and economic effects of Gender Based Violence. A case study of Lusaka District’s selected compound and residential areas: Bauleni and Mutendere Compound; Woodlands and New Kasama residential areas. Cavendish University Zambia.
Google Scholar
23
-
Muleya, G., Simui, F., Mundeende,K., Kakana, F., Mwewa, G. & Namangala, B. (2019). Exploring learning cultures of digital immigrants in technologically mediated postgraduate distance learning mode at the University of Zambia. Zambia Information and Communication Technology Journal, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v3i2.83
Google Scholar
24
-
Mupeta, S., Muleya, G., Kanyamuna, V., & Simui, F. (2020). Civic entrepreneurship: the implementation of civic innovations in the Governance of the University of Zambia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(7), 674–685.
Google Scholar
25
-
Muntengwa,W., Namadula, B., Hamainza, V., Simwatachela, R., Kakana, F., Simui, F. and Muleya, G. (2020). Unearthing disablers in the cultivation of civic skills among learners in selected secondary schools in Lusaka District, Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). IV(IX), 228–238 Zambia. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102.
Google Scholar
26
-
Muwanigwa, V. (2017). Gender Based Violence in SADC. Law Journal, 76(80),119–164.
Google Scholar
27
-
Mwanangombe, C. Mundende, K. Muzata, K.K. Muleya, G. Kanyamuna, V & Simui, F. (2020). Peeping into the pot of contraceptives utilization among adolescents within a conservative culture Zambia. American Journal of Educational Research, (8), 513–523. Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/8/8/1 Published by Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/education-8-8-1.
Google Scholar
28
-
Mwase, D. Simuyaba, E. Mwewa, G. Muleya, G & Simui, F. (2020). Leveraging parental involvement in the education of their children as a conflict resolution strategy in selected secondary schools, Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 4 (7), 356–365.
Google Scholar
29
-
Nekhavhambe, V.M. (2021). Experiences of, and support guidelines for male victims of intimate partner violence perpetrated by their female partners in Gauteng, South Africa. [PHD Thesis University of South Africa].
Google Scholar
30
-
Nyeleti D.M (2018). An assessment of the effects of gender-based violence on victim’s welfare: A case of Lusaka District. [Unpublished Dissertation: University of Lusaka].
Google Scholar
31
-
Obeji,M., Mwangi, S., & Apollos, F. (2017). Cases and incidences of violence against men in township ward of Nyamira Country. International Academic Journal of Law and Society, (1), 106–125. http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajls v1 i1 106 125.pdf.
Google Scholar
32
-
Phionah, K. (2021). Experiences of Gender based Violence in Family life. A case study of Bugesera District. Kigali. University of Rwanda.
Google Scholar
33
-
SADC (2015). Barometer. Johannesburg: SADC Gender Protocol Alliance.
Google Scholar
34
-
Simui, F. (2018). Lived Experiences of students with Visual Impairments at Sim University: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach. [Unpublished PhD Thesis, Lusaka: University of Zambia]. http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5884.)
Google Scholar
35
-
Simwatachela, R. Simui, F., Kakana,F., Manchishi, P.C., (2020). Deconstructing quality education in public secondary schools through the lenses of teachers in Lusaka district, Zambia. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 5 (3), 103–112. http://www.academicjournal.in/archives/2020/vol5/issue3/5-3-18.
Google Scholar
36
-
Smith,J.A., Flowers,P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method, and research. Los Angeles: Sage.
Google Scholar
37
-
Smith, J.A & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on lived experience of pain. British journal of pain, 9, 41–42.
Google Scholar
38
-
Stern, O. (2014) Working with men and boys: emerging strategies from across Africa to address gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS. Men Engage Alliance: Cape Town.
Google Scholar
39
-
Thobejane,T.D.,& Luthada.V. (2019). An investigation into the trend of Domestic violence on Men: The case of South Africa. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 12(3), 11–18.
Google Scholar
40
-
Thobejane,T.D., Mogorosi,L.D., & Luthanda, N.V. (2018). Gender-based violence against Men: A muted Reality: Southern African Journal for folklore studies. Volume 28(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.|25159/1016-8427/4304.
Google Scholar
41
-
Uwayisaba. F. (2018). Gender based Violence and it’s socio-economic effects on household in Rwanda. Case study of Kicukiro District Gahanga Sector. University of Rwanda.
Google Scholar
42
-
Van Manen, M. (2007). Phenomenology of practice. Phenomenology & Practice, 1(1), 11.
Google Scholar
43
-
Young Women Christian Association (2019). Annual Report. YWCA: Lusaka.
Google Scholar
44
Most read articles by the same author(s)
-
Eliazer L. Kawila,
Sanny Mulubale,
Gistered Muleya,
Unearthing Elements Associated with Electoral Violence in Kanyama Constituency of Lusaka District, Zambia , European Journal of Law and Political Science: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023) -
Adrian Matole,
Gistered Muleya,
Francis Simui,
Fragility of Existing Civic Engagement Platforms in National Governance of Zambia Towards Community Development , European Journal of Law and Political Science: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)